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NOAA Space Weather
Read space weather from NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center, the official US source: whether a geomagnetic storm, radio blackout or radiation storm is in progress, the three-day forecast and the four-week outlook, the alerts that go out to power grids and airlines, the solar wind arriving at Earth, the flares and sunspot regions on the Sun, and the forecasters' own write-up.
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Actions
Steps a workflow can run in NOAA Space Weather.
- Get current space weatherRead what space weather is doing right now: whether a geomagnetic storm, a radio blackout or a radiation storm is in progress and how bad, the planetary K index, how fast the solar wind is blowing and which way its magnetic field points, and the Sun's radio output. Each storm comes back on NOAA's own 1-to-5 scale with the word that goes with it, and a one-line summary a workflow can send as it stands.
- Get the 3-day forecastRead SWPC's forecast for today and the next two days: the geomagnetic storm level expected each day, the highest K index and how it moves through the day in three-hour periods, the chance of a radio blackout and of a radiation storm, and the chance of a C, M or X class solar flare. Each day carries a one-line summary.
- List space weather alertsList the watches, warnings, alerts and summaries SWPC has issued - the notices that go out to power grid operators, airlines and satellite teams. Each one comes back as fields rather than a block of teleprinter text: what it is about, how urgent it is, when it starts and ends, its NOAA scale and its potential impacts. Filter by kind and by subject. About the last 30 days are published, and a quiet spell returns nothing rather than failing.
- Get the aurora forecastAnswer whether the aurora is likely to be visible from one place in the next hour. Give a latitude and longitude and you get the percentage chance of aurora directly overhead, and - when there is none overhead - how far away the nearest aurora is and which way to look. Works in both hemispheres, and comes with the power flowing into the aurora as a whole, which is the number that says whether tonight is ordinary or exceptional.
- Get geomagnetic activityRead the planetary K index over a period: how disturbed the Earth's magnetic field has been, one reading every three hours. Each reading carries its NOAA storm level, so a step can act on 'G2' rather than working out what 6.33 means. Defaults to the last 24 hours; about a week is published.
- Get solar wind conditionsRead the solar wind arriving at Earth: how fast it is blowing, how dense it is, how hot it is, and which way its magnetic field points. The north-south component is the one that matters - when it turns southward the solar wind couples to the Earth's field and a storm can start - so the answer says so in words as well as numbers. Measured a million miles upstream, so it is an hour of warning.
- List solar flaresList the solar flares SWPC has recorded, with when each one started, peaked and ended, its class, the sunspot region it came from, and the radio blackout it caused on NOAA's scale. Two GOES satellites watch the Sun and report the same flare twice, so each flare appears once here, at the larger of the two readings. Defaults to C-class and above over the last week; about 30 days are published.
- List sunspot regionsList the numbered sunspot regions on the Sun's visible face: where each one is, how big it is, how many spots it has, how magnetically complex it is in plain words, how likely it is to fire off a flare, and how many it already has. Defaults to the most recent day. Choose a region instead and you get every day it has been reported, so you can watch it grow or decay as it crosses the disk.
- Read the forecast discussionRead the write-up SWPC's forecasters publish three times a day explaining what the Sun has done in the last 24 hours and what they expect next - the reasoning behind the numbers, naming the regions, the coronal holes and the coronal mass ejections involved. It comes back split into its four sections (solar activity, energetic particles, solar wind and geospace), each with its summary and its forecast, plus the original text.
- Get the 27-day outlookRead SWPC's four-week outlook: for each of the next 27 days, the expected solar radio flux, the planetary A index and the highest K index, with the storm level each one implies. Issued once a week and covering one solar rotation - how long it takes an active region to come back around - so it is a tendency rather than a forecast for a date, and it is the right thing to read when planning weeks ahead.
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