JPL Solar System Dynamics

• JPL New FireballTriggers when JPL publishes a newly reported fireball (a bright meteor seen by US Government sensors), with its time, place, height, speed and energy
• JPL New Close ApproachTriggers when JPL lists a new asteroid or comet close approach within a chosen distance of Earth or another body, usually a newly discovered object

• List close approachesList asteroids and comets passing close to Earth (or another planet or the Moon) in a date range, with how close they come in lunar distances and kilometres, their speed and their likely size. Leave the dates blank for the next 60 days.
• List fireballsList fireballs (exceptionally bright meteors) detected by US Government sensors: when and where each one exploded, how high, how fast, and its energy in kilotons of TNT. Newest first.
• List impact risksList the asteroids on NASA's Sentry risk list: objects with a possible (usually tiny) chance of hitting Earth in the next century or more, with their odds, hazard ratings, impact years and size. Highest hazard first.
• Get impact riskGet Sentry's impact assessment for one asteroid: every date it could hit Earth with the odds, hazard ratings and impact energy, plus its size and observation history. An object Sentry does not list comes back with 'on_risk_list' false, saying whether it was removed and when.
• List objects removed from the risk listList the asteroids Sentry took off its risk list because new observations ruled out every impact, most recently removed first.
• Get asteroid or cometLook up one asteroid or comet in JPL's Small-Body Database by name, number or designation: its orbit, orbit class, whether it is a near-Earth or potentially hazardous object, size, rotation, composition, discovery, moons and any possible Earth impacts.
• Search asteroids and cometsFind every asteroid or comet in JPL's Small-Body Database that matches your filters (kind, near-Earth or hazardous, orbit class, moons, and constraints such as 'diameter > 100'), returning the fields you choose.
• List human-accessible asteroidsList near-Earth asteroids a crewed round trip could reach within your mission limits (fuel, length, stay, launch years), from NASA's NHATS study: the cheapest and the shortest trip to each, its size, and when it can next be observed.
• Get human-accessible asteroidGet the round trips NHATS found to one near-Earth asteroid: the cheapest and the shortest, each with its launch date, legs, stay and fuel needs. 'meets_limits' is false when no trip fits the limits given.
• List newly discovered objectsList objects discovered in the last few days that are waiting for confirmation, as JPL's Scout system rates them: how likely each is a near-Earth object, how close it may come, its impact rating and where it is in the sky.
• Get newly discovered objectGet Scout's latest assessment of one newly discovered object by its temporary name. Objects leave Scout once they are confirmed and designated.
• Find asteroids and comets in a sky areaList the known asteroids and comets inside a square patch of sky at a given time, as seen from an observatory or a place on Earth: their positions, brightness and motion. Useful for identifying something in a telescope image. Takes 20 seconds to a few minutes.
• List radar observationsList radar measurements of asteroids and comets (distance by echo delay, speed by Doppler shift) from stations such as Goldstone and Arecibo, newest first.
• Convert date to Julian dayTurn a date and time (UTC) into its Julian day number, the count of days astronomers use, and its Modified Julian Date.
• Convert Julian day to dateTurn a Julian day number into its calendar date and time (UTC), day of the week and day of the year. Dates before 15 October 1582 are in the Julian calendar.
• List three-body periodic orbitsList periodic orbits of one family in a three-body system, such as halo orbits around the Earth-Moon L1 point, from JPL's catalog: starting position and velocity, period in days, and stability.
• List asteroid moonsList the known moons of asteroids and comets, or of one of them, with each moon's name, discovery year, orbit and size where known.
• List spacecraft mission targetsList the asteroids and comets a robotic spacecraft could reach most easily for launches in the years you choose, with the best launch and arrival dates, flight time and fuel (delta-v) for each.
• Get sky positionFind where the Sun, a planet, a moon, a spacecraft, an asteroid or a comet appears in the sky at a moment or over a span of time: right ascension and declination, brightness, distance, constellation and, for a place on Earth, its direction and height above the horizon. From JPL's Horizons system.
• Get position in spaceGet where a body is in space, as X, Y and Z position and velocity relative to the Sun, Earth or another center, at a moment or over a span of time, with its distance and light time. From JPL's Horizons system.

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